Abstract: In recent years, rail transit has developed rapidly in major cities in China and many cities have formed a complete line network. In order to facilitate travel, most civil buildings choose to build subway stations close to them. Therefore, it is inevitable that they will be in the construction of civil building foundation pits. It has a certain impact on the operation of subway stations. In order to ensure the safety of subway operations during the construction of the foundation pit, it is inevitable to adopt certain strengthened protection measures. This article analyzes the impact of the construction of a deep and large foundation pit on the operation of the subway station. Provide reference for subsequent similar project construction.