Abstract: In the context of continuous improvement of structural systems, continuous renewal of mechanical and electrical equipment, and rapid development of construction materials, the scale of high-rise building construction has continued to expand, gradually adapting to the needs of urban concentration of population, reduction of land area and reduction of urban construction investment. However, the contradiction between the supporting measures of high-rise building fire safety and the development of high-rise buildings has become increasingly prominent. In the event of a fire accident in a high-rise building, complex equipment, pipelines and daily necessities will increase the fire load, and the higher building height will increase the fire spread rapidly under the combined action of wind load and elevator shafts or smoke exhaust pipes, and the distance of people's escape. The characteristics of long time and difficulty of off-site rescue will lead to serious life safety and property loss. Therefore, based on work experience and many high-quality documents, this article will deeply discuss the current situation of fire safety and effective fire prevention countermeasures faced by highrise buildings at this stage.