Abstract: Shield machine is a kind of special equipment for tunnel boring construction. It mainly realizes excavation by breaking rocks and cutting soil with cutters on the cutter head. Shield machine tools are prone to wear and failure of parts. In shield tunneling construction There are often problems such as unreasonable design and layout of tools on the cutter head and poor stratum adaptability, resulting in fast tool wear and excessive abnormal damage, resulting in reduced shield construction efficiency and increased costs. After research, it is found that in the design and layout of the cutter head and cutter, the force of the cutter in different construction formations is systematically analyzed, and the cutter structure and the selection of the cutter are designed according to the geological conditions of the construction formation, the type of rock formation, and the mechanical properties of the rock formation. Types and optimized tool layout can extend the service life of the tool and improve the efficiency of the shield machine.