Abstract: Taking the ancient city of Weishan as an example, this paper analyzes the general situation of the ancient city by using the methods of literature review and field research, studies the overall spatial form and the landscape spatial elements of the ancient city itself, combines the threats and challenges faced by the ancient city of Weishan in the process of modernization, and probes into the landscape protection measures of the ancient city of Weishan with the concept of "protection first, rational development and sustainable utilization" Construction: put forward the protection content, divide the protection scope from the whole to the division and classification, and put forward specific protection measures from the landscape elements and humanities, namely, the rectification of building space, the shaping of green landscape, the transformation of water landscape, the protection and inheritance of human landscape,so as to provide suggestions and thoughts for the protection of the ancient city in the period of rapid urbanization.