Abstract: With the acceleration of China's urbanization, there are more and more high-rise buildings, and their fire safety hazards are becoming greater and greater. Due to the relatively complex structure of highrise buildings and the increasing use of underground building space, the traditional fire rescue methods and fire equipment are difficult to meet the needs of fire rescue of high-rise buildings, in the new era, firefighters are also facing new challenges. This paper discusses the factors affecting the fire of high-rise buildings, the problems existing in fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings are analyzed, the specific measures to improve the fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings are studied.