Abstract: With the rapid progress of social economy and technology has provided a better development platform for railway projects, effectively promoted the construction quality and effects of railway tunnel projects, and provided better economic support for social progress and development. Based on this, this article takes the safety management and control of mountain railway tunnel construction as a foothold. First, it discusses the role of safety risk management. Secondly, it sorts out the defects of safety management and control, and finally proposes measures to improve the management and control effect.