Abstract: Asphalt pavement has been widely used in highway construction because of its advantages of comfortable driving, low noise and good smoothness. However, under the long-term effects of vehicle load and natural factors,road surface diseases often occur, especially cracks, ruts, pits, etc. are more common. The traditional hot patching method has the shortcomings of long construction period, large traffic impact, low construction efficiency, etc. As a new type of pavement repair method, microwave heating technology is a rapid repair and good effect of asphalt pavement maintenance technology, which can be effective It is of great practical significance to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional heat repair method and use it for the maintenance and repair of old roads. Therefore, on the basis of fully understanding the basic principles of microwave heating, this paper analyzes the road performance changes of asphalt mixture after microwave heating repair, and combines specific cases to discuss the application points of microwave heating technology in asphalt pavement maintenance.